Published 4/28/2025

NSTA issues second permit for HyNet carbon storage project

The £2 billion U.K. project targets the use of new and existing hydrogen and CCUS technologies to capture and store more than 100 million tonnes of CO2 over 25 years, boosting net-zero initiatives.

Sustainability

Edited by: Grace Nehls

Senior Managing Editor, CompositesWorld and Products Finishing

HyNet is a U.K. project that aims to decarbonize the North West of England and North Wales through the use of hydrogen and carbon capture, usage and storage (CCUS) technologies. HyNet will upgrade existing infrastructure, as well as the develop new infrastructure. This includes underground pipelines, hydrogen production plants and storage facilities.

Phase one of HyNet is designed to store 109 million tonnes of CO₂ in the East Irish Sea over 25 years — the equivalent of taking 60.1 million cars off the road for a year.

HyNet’s use of hydrogen and CCUS technologies like underground pipes could have large implications for robust and effective composite solutions.

Thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) emerged in the oil and gas industry in the 1990s thanks to their noncorrosive and high-strength nature in both onshore and offshore environments.

Today, TCP is being considered and developed for hydrogen solutions. Hive Composites’ multilayer design — validated for 30-plus years of service life, offering 59% CO₂ reduction versus steel and 40-times faster installation rates — could have high potential for projects like HyNet. This is not to meant the design’s long-term durability under varying pressure and temperature regimes, impact resistance and other optimal features.

The awarded permits enable Eni start preparing the stores for the initial injection of 4.5 million tonnes of CO₂ per year starting as soon as mid-2028. They were issued alongside the economic license awarded by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero.

Carbon storage is a vital cog in the U.K.’s clean energy future and the NSTA is playing a major role in ensuring the sector reaches its full potential. The NSTA awarded its first-ever carbon storage permit to the Northern Endurance Partnership (NEP) for a site in the Southern North Sea in December 2024. The regulator also launched a large-scale carbon storage licensing round in 2022, resulting in 21 awards the following year.

HyNet will be served by a combination of new infrastructure and existing infrastructure which will be repurposed for carbon transportation and storage. In total, more than 90 miles of offshore and onshore pipeline will be given a new lease of life, delivering substantial cost savings and cutting the environmental impact associated with the construction, transportation and installation of new kit.

A new platform will be installed at the Douglas field to receive CO₂ from the Point of Ayr Gas Terminal in Flintshire, Wales. From there, the CO₂will be transported onward to the Hamilton, Hamilton North and Lennox depleted oil and gas reservoirs operated by Eni in Liverpool Bay, for permanent storage.

“Thanks to the North Sea, we have one of the greatest carbon storage potentials of any country,” says energy secretary Ed Miliband.

What is carbon storage?

Carbon storage facilities have been operating across the world for decades. The process involves capturing emissions before they reach the atmosphere and transporting them to depleted reservoirs or aquifers for permanent storage.

As well as playing an important role in decarbonizing the economy, the carbon storage industry will provide a bridge to help oil and gas workers transfer their skills to clean-energy jobs, supporting communities and anchoring the supply chain in the U.K.